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原创 鄢郢之战:楚国曾兴盛一时,为何却走向没落?
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楚国是诸侯国中最先称王的,因其地处南方,被中原列国所排斥,所以楚国在南方自己逐渐发展了起来。而后为了扩大领域,楚国才和中原诸侯产生了战事,有起有伏,有盛有衰。
到了战国时代时,楚国任用吴起变法,国力日渐强盛,到了楚威王时,楚国领土已经扩张到了巴蜀,后来又灭了越国,国力兴盛一时。然而楚威王去世后,国政落到楚怀王手里,开始露出衰败的迹象。
公元前313年,秦国张仪欺骗楚怀王,以六里地谎称六百里,骗得楚王与齐国断交。楚怀王怒而攻秦,却被秦军打得大败。楚怀王晚年还被秦昭王骗去秦国,最后死在咸阳,秦国国势在楚怀王的手里暴露出各种问题,山河已露衰败之相。
到了楚襄王时期,楚国的政治腐败,忠臣被排挤,奸佞得到任用。作为军事要地,用以恭维郢都的鄢城都出现了年久失修的问题,军事松懈,守备薄弱。这些问题在鄢郢之战中成为了楚国战败以致被迫迁都的关键所在。
在鄢郢之战前,其实秦、楚还曾讲和会盟,以联姻缔结亲善关系。但是楚襄王并不是越王勾践那样的人物,接连被打败之后有着卧薪尝胆的决心,反而是个刚愎自用,不自量力的人。